STROKE REHABILITATION

Stroke Rehabilitation is the process of helping individuals regain independence, mobility, and quality of life after experiencing a stroke. A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, resulting in damage to brain cells. Depending on the severity and area of the brain affected, a stroke can cause varying degrees of weakness, paralysis, speech difficulties, flaccidity or spasticity, balance problems, and cognitive impairments.

 

Causes of Disability Post-Stroke:

The most common issues requiring rehabilitation include hemiplegia (paralysis on one side), hemiparesis (weakness on one side), spasticity, loss of balance and coordination, difficulty walking, and reduced functional independence. Patients may also experience joint stiffness, pain, and complications resulting from prolonged immobility.

 

Importance of Rehabilitation:

Rehabilitation should ideally begin as early as possible once the patient is medically stable. Early intervention prevents complications such as joint contractures, muscle wasting, bed sores, and secondary infections. Psychological support and regaining confidence also maximise the brain’s natural ability to rewire itself (neuroplasticity) to restore lost functions.

 

Role of Physiotherapy in Stroke Rehabilitation:

Physiotherapists are central to stroke recovery. Their goals are to restore mobility, improve strength, enhance coordination, and help patients regain independence in daily activities. Interventions include:

• Positioning and passive movements in the early stage to prevent stiffness and contractures.

• Facilitation techniques to stimulate weak muscles and promote voluntary movement and motor functions.

• Balance and gait training using parallel bars, walkers, or supportive devices.

• Strengthening and endurance exercises to rebuild muscle control and reduce fatigue.

• Constraint-induced therapy to encourage use of the weaker limb.

• Functional training such as sit-to-stand, transfers, stair climbing, and task-oriented practice.

• Education for patients and caregivers on safe mobility, home modifications, and fall prevention.

• Bowel and bladder control training.

 

Long-Term Focus:

Recovery from stroke is a gradual journey. Physiotherapists also emphasise aerobic fitness, repetitive task training, and community reintegration. In many cases, ongoing rehabilitation is required to maintain gains and improve quality of life.

With a structured rehabilitation program and family support, stroke survivors can make remarkable progress, regaining independence and confidence to participate in daily life.