Spondylosis

Spondylosis is a broad term that refers to the age-related degeneration of the spine, including the intervertebral discs, facet joints, and supporting ligaments. It can affect different regions of the spine—cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), or lumbar (lower back)—with cervical and lumbar spondylosis being the most common. Many patients may experience stiffness, pain, and reduced mobility, while others may remain symptom-free despite clear degenerative changes visible on imaging.

 

Causes

The primary cause of spondylosis is natural wear and tear that comes with aging. Over time, the spinal discs lose water content, become thinner, and less effective at absorbing shock. This can lead to disc bulging, bone spur formation (osteophytes), and reduced flexibility. Risk factors include poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, repetitive strain on the spine (as in heavy lifting jobs or prolonged desk work), obesity, genetic predisposition, and previous spinal injuries. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, lack of exercise, and weak core muscles can accelerate degenerative changes.

 

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. In mild to moderate cases, conservative management is most effective, typically involving regular physiotherapy. pain-relieving medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and lifestyle modifications. Matrix Rhythm Therapy has demonstrated significant results, even in severe cases of spondylosis. Very severe cases with nerve compression may require injections or surgical intervention. However, most individuals benefit greatly from non-surgical care, primarily through physiotherapy.

 

Role of Physiotherapy

As physiotherapists, our focus is not only on relieving pain but also on restoring function and preventing recurrence. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in both the management and prevention of spondylosis:

• Pain Management: Techniques such as Matrix rhythm therapy, heat therapy, ultrasound, interferential therapy (IFT), and manual mobilisation help reduce stiffness and pain.

• Posture Correction: Teaching proper ergonomics for sitting, working at a desk, or lifting can significantly reduce spinal strain.

• Strengthening & Flexibility: Specific exercises to strengthen the core, back, and neck muscles help stabilise the spine, while stretching improves flexibility and prevents stiffness.

• Activity Modification: Guiding patients on safe movement patterns and recommending low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, helps maintain spinal health.

• Prevention: Early physiotherapy interventions can delay or minimise degenerative changes, especially in individuals with sedentary jobs or those at risk.

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In conclusion, spondylosis is a common condition that doesn’t always require invasive treatment. With the right physiotherapy care, patients can experience significant relief, maintain mobility, and lead an active lifestyle while reducing the chances of future flare-ups.