PARKINSON'S REHABILITATION

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It occurs due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is essential for smooth, coordinated muscle activity, and its reduction leads to the hallmark motor symptoms of the condition.

 

Causes:

While the exact cause is not fully understood, a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and ageing contributes to the development of Parkinson’s disease. It is more common in individuals over 60, though early-onset cases can occur.

 

Symptoms:

The cardinal symptoms include tremors (often starting in one hand), muscular rigidity, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), and postural instability. Patients may also experience a shuffling gait, reduced arm swing, and difficulties with balance. Non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances, depression, cognitive changes, and fatigue are also common and can significantly impact quality of life.

 

Treatment:

Parkinson's Disease is not curable. However, medical management and medications improve motor symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Rehabilitation is critical for maintaining independence.

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Role of Physiotherapy:

Physiotherapists play a crucial role in managing Parkinson’s disease by addressing both movement difficulties and functional limitations. Goals include improving mobility, maintaining independence, and preventing falls. Key interventions are:

• Gait training with cueing strategies (auditory or visual cues) to overcome freezing and shuffling.

• Balance and postural exercises to reduce the risk of falls.

• Flexibility and stretching routines to counteract muscle rigidity and joint stiffness.

• Strengthening exercises to support daily activities and improve endurance.

• Breathing and relaxation techniques to ease secondary issues like fatigue and anxiety.

• Task-specific training, such as practising sit-to-stand, turning, and stair climbing.

Preventive Role:
Physiotherapists also provide education on safe movement strategies, home modifications, and energy conservation techniques to help individuals improve their quality of life. Regular physiotherapy helps slow functional decline, improve confidence, and enhance overall quality of life.

 

With consistent therapy, patients with Parkinson’s disease can maintain independence for longer, reduce complications, and lead more active, fulfilling lives.