ONCLOGICAL REHABILITATION

Oncological Physiotherapy Rehabilitation focuses on supporting individuals who are undergoing or have completed cancer treatment. Cancer and its treatments—such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy—can lead to significant physical, functional, and psychological challenges. Rehabilitation aims to restore strength, mobility, and quality of life while managing treatment-related side effects.

Causes of Impairments:

Cancer itself can weaken the body, while treatments often cause fatigue, pain, muscle weakness, joint stiffness, neuropathy, lymphedema, and reduced cardiovascular fitness. Surgical procedures may result in scarring, postural changes, or a restricted range of motion (e.g., after mastectomy). Prolonged hospitalisation and inactivity can further contribute to deconditioning and loss of independence.

Goals of Oncological Physiotherapy:

The primary objectives are to:

• Reduce pain and manage fatigue.

• Improve mobility, flexibility, and overall physical fitness.

• Restore function after surgery or prolonged treatment.

• Manage complications such as lymphedema, neuropathy, or postural dysfunction.

• Support mental well-being and promote independence in daily activities.

Physiotherapy Interventions:

A physiotherapist tailors the rehabilitation plan based on the type of cancer, treatment stage, and the patient's tolerance. Approaches include:

• Exercise therapy: Gentle aerobic training, resistance exercises, and flexibility programs to rebuild stamina, maintain bone health, and reduce fatigue.

• Manual therapy and mobilisation: To reduce stiffness, improve joint mobility, and address scar tissue restrictions.

• Lymphedema management: Specialised massage (manual lymphatic drainage), compression therapy, and exercise to reduce swelling.

• Breathing exercises: Especially after thoracic or breast surgeries to restore lung function and prevent complications.

• Balance and coordination training: To counteract chemotherapy-induced neuropathy or muscle weakness.

• Relaxation and mindfulness techniques: To reduce anxiety, improve sleep, and enhance coping.

Prevention and Long-Term Care:

Physiotherapists also educate patients on safe activity pacing, energy conservation, and self-management strategies to help them manage their condition effectively. Regular physiotherapy reduces the risk of secondary complications, improves tolerance to ongoing treatments, and enhances recovery outcomes.

With a structured oncological physiotherapy program, cancer survivors can regain strength, maintain independence, and significantly improve their overall quality of life during and after treatment.

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