NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION

Neurorehabilitation (Neuro Rehab) is a specialised branch of rehabilitation aimed at restoring function, independence, and quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders or injuries. Since the nervous system controls movement, coordination, balance, and cognition, damage can have a profound impact on day-to-day living. Neuro rehab focuses on promoting recovery through targeted interventions and enhancing the brain’s ability to reorganise itself (neuroplasticity).

 

Causes for Neurorehab Needs:

Neurological conditions requiring rehabilitation include stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathies, and degenerative disorders. These conditions often result in weakness, paralysis, loss of coordination, spasticity, balance problems, speech difficulties, and reduced independence.

 

Goals of Neurorehabilitation:

The primary objectives are to:

• Restore motor function and mobility.

• Improve balance, coordination, and gait.

• Enhance strength and endurance.

• Prevent complications such as contractures, pressure ulcers, and muscle atrophy.

• Maximise independence in daily activities.

• Support emotional and cognitive well-being.

 

Role of Physiotherapy in Neurorehab:

Physiotherapists design individualised programs based on the patient’s diagnosis, stage of recovery, and functional capacity. Key interventions include:

• Motor relearning techniques: Repetitive task training to stimulate neuroplasticity.

• Strengthening and flexibility exercises: To maintain muscle function and joint range.

• Balance and gait training: Using parallel bars, assistive devices, or body-weight-supported treadmill training.

• Neuromuscular facilitation techniques, Such as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), are used to improve motor control.

• Functional training: Sit-to-stand practice, transfers, stair climbing, and hand function activities.

• Constraint-induced movement therapy: To encourage use of the weaker limb.

• Postural training: To improve trunk control and prevent falls.

• Use of technology: Robotics, virtual reality, and electrical stimulation to enhance engagement and outcomes.

 

Long-Term Care:

Neurorehab is often a long journey requiring patience, family involvement, and multidisciplinary support. Physiotherapists also provide education for caregivers, guidance on home modifications, and strategies for preventing secondary complications.

With consistent neurorehabilitation, patients can achieve meaningful recovery, regain independence, and adapt to living with neurological challenges, ultimately improving their quality of life.