CARDIAC REHABILITATION

Cardiac Rehabilitation (Cardiac Rehab) is a medically supervised program designed to improve cardiovascular health after a heart-related event or procedure. It plays a vital role in helping patients recover from conditions such as heart attacks, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, angioplasty, heart failure, or valve surgeries. The goal is to restore physical fitness, reduce the risk of recurrence, and enhance overall quality of life.

 

Causes for Rehabilitation Needs:

After a cardiac event, patients often experience reduced exercise tolerance, fatigue, breathlessness, chest discomfort, and psychological concerns like anxiety or depression. Prolonged immobility during hospitalisation may lead to deconditioning, muscle weakness, and decreased independence. Without guided rehabilitation, the chances of future cardiac complications increase significantly.

 

Phases of Cardiac Rehabilitation:

Cardiac rehab is typically divided into phases:

1. Phase I (Inpatient/Acute Phase): Begins in the hospital soon after a cardiac event or surgery. The focus is on early mobilisation, breathing exercises, improving circulation, and education on safe activity.

2. Phase II (Early Outpatient/Recovery Phase): A structured, supervised exercise program tailored to the individual’s cardiac capacity, combined with risk factor management and lifestyle counselling.

3. Phase III (Maintenance Phase): Long-term fitness and lifestyle modification, including independent exercise routines, stress management, and continued education.

4. Phase IV (Prevention/Wellness): Ongoing commitment to a heart-healthy lifestyle, exercise, and regular follow-ups to maintain benefits.

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Role of Physiotherapy:

Physiotherapists are central to cardiac rehabilitation. Their interventions include:

• Exercise prescription: Gradual, monitored aerobic training (walking, cycling, treadmill) and resistance training to build endurance and strength.

• Breathing and relaxation techniques: To improve lung function and reduce stress.

• Education: Guidance on posture, lifting, safe return to work, and daily activities.

• Risk factor modification support: Encouraging weight management, smoking cessation, and regular physical activity.

• Psychological encouragement: Building patient confidence to overcome the fear of exertion after a cardiac event.

 

Long-Term Benefits:

Cardiac rehabilitation reduces mortality risk, lowers hospital readmissions, improves functional capacity, and enhances mental well-being. With physiotherapy-led rehabilitation, patients can safely return to active living, regain independence, and adopt sustainable lifestyle changes that promote heart health.